①電場:
每當兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)極上存在(zai)著勢差(或電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))時,在(zai)兩電(dian)(dian)極間的煤質(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產生電(dian)(dian)廠(chang),電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所存在(zai)絕緣媒(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)叫做介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)。各種物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)有不同(tong)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi),因此,電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)在(zai)不同(tong)媒(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)有不同(tong)的特性(xing)。在(zai)這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有兩種在(zai)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)熱上很重要,即介(jie)電(dian)(dian)系數和功率(lv)因數。這(zhe)兩種性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)的量(liang)必須確定,以便(bian)對(dui)特種介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)材料進行計(ji)算。
②電容:
兩電(dian)(dian)極間(jian)存在勢差時,則(ze)兩級板上(shang)(shang)帶(dai)有數(shu)量(liang)相(xiang)等而(er)符(fu)號相(xiang)反的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)荷,一個(ge)(ge)在電(dian)(dian)極上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)荷與(yu)兩極間(jian)勢差的(de)(de)比數(shu),即為電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)。電(dian)(dian)容對于分析(xi)電(dian)(dian)場里物質的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路是很(hen)重要的(de)(de)。簡(jian)單幾何體的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)極間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容很(hen)容易(yi)計(ji)(ji)算,例如兩個(ge)(ge)平行扁擔(dan)電(dian)(dian)極間(jian)(這兩個(ge)(ge)板極的(de)(de)尺寸遠大于他們之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)空隙)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容,可用方程式計(ji)(ji)算。